Explain pain supercharged pdf download5/26/2023 The study demonstrated that allodynia can be induced by observational learning. Participants and the model rated all the stimuli alternately (real-time group), or the participant first observed the model and then rated the stimuli, while the model stayed in (post-hoc+ group) or left (post-hoc- group) the laboratory. In the present study, healthy participants (n = 88) received 2 series of innocuous electrocutaneous stimuli: at the beginning of the study and after observation of a model who rated all the stimuli as painful. Due to some methodological challenges, evidence that the allodynic effect can be learned through observation is limited. Only a few studies have examined the role of observational learning in pain induction. Studies indicate that classical and operant conditioning have potential to play a role in the formation of the allodynic effect.
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